Combustion and the CO/CO2 ratio (diagram)

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A flue sample can contain both CO2 and CO. The ratio compares them; CO2 alone cannot confirm safe combustion.

Two burner panels: a green lower-CO example with blue flames, low CO and high CO2 labels, and a red raised-CO example with a yellow flame, rising CO and soot risk labels. The first panel states that flame colour cannot measure CO. Below, a bar runs from lower to higher CO/CO2 ratio without a numeric pass line and says to compare readings with appliance limits. — Combustion and the CO/CO2 ratio

Complete and incomplete combustion

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