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Combustion and the CO/CO2 ratio (diagram)

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Complete versus incomplete combustion, and why the CO/CO2 ratio is used as a measure of combustion quality.

Concept diagram with a central combustion node branching to complete combustion (enough air; mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour; very little carbon monoxide) and incomplete combustion (too little air or a fault; carbon monoxide, soot and unburnt fuel). A graded scale shows that a lower CO to CO2 ratio means a cleaner burn and a higher ratio means poorer combustion, with the BS 7967 recognised maximum of 0.004 marked as a reference value. — Combustion and the CO/CO2 ratio

The diagram contrasts two outcomes of burning gas. With enough air, combustion is complete: it produces mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour, releases heat efficiently and gives off very little carbon monoxide.

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